Jonathan heads the Psychiatric Epigenetics group at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London. He graduated with a degree in Human Sciences from Oxford University, where he took a particular interest in cannibalism, before undertaking his PhD in molecular genetics at the Institute of Psychiatry. After spending three years as a postdoctoral fellow in Art Petronis' lab at the University of Toronto, he returned to the Institute of Psychiatry to establish the Psychiatric Epigenetics group in the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre. Jonathan's research focuses primarily on the role of epigenetic processes in mediating the interplay between genes and the environment in common, complex disease phenotypes.
Smith, R.G., Reichenberg, A., Kember, R.L., Buxbaum, J.D., Schalkwyk, L.C., Fernandes, C., and Mill, J. (2012). Advanced paternal age is associated with altered DNA methylation at brain-expressed imprinted loci in inbred mice: implications for neuropsychiatric disease. Mol Psych 10.1038/mp.2012.88.
Pidsley, R., Dempster, E., Troakes, C., Al-Sarraj, S., and Mill, J. (2012). Epigenetic and genetic variation at the IGF2/H19 imprinting control region on 11p15.5 is associated with cerebellum weight. Epigenetics 7, 155-163.
Heijmans, B.T., and Mill, J. (2012). Commentary: The seven plagues of epigenetic epidemiology. Int J Epidemiol 41, 74-78.
Boks, M.P., de Jong, N.M., Kas, M.J., Vinkers, C.H., Fernandes, C., Kahn, R.S., Mill, J., and Ophoff, R.A. (2012). Current status and future prospects for epigenetic psychopharmacology. Epigenetics 7.
Wong, C.C., Mill, J., and Fernandes, C. (2011). Drugs and addiction: an introduction to epigenetics. Addiction 106, 480-489.
Wong, C.C., Caspi, A., Williams, B., Houts, R., Craig, I.W., and Mill, J. (2011). A longitudinal twin study of skewed X chromosome-inactivation. PLoS One 6, e17873.
Voineagu, I., Wang, X., Johnston, P., Lowe, J.K., Tian, Y., Horvath, S., Mill, J., Cantor, R.M., Blencowe, B.J., and Geschwind, D.H. (2011). Transcriptomic analysis of autistic brain reveals convergent molecular pathology. Nature 474, 380-384.
Smith, R., and Mill, J. (2011). Epigenetics and Chronic Diseases: An Overview. In Epigenetic Aspects of Chronic Disease. (Springer.
Pidsley, R., and Mill, J. (2011). Research Highlights: epigenetic changes to serotonin receptor gene expression in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Epigenomics 3, 537-538.
Kaminsky, Z., Tochigi, M., Jia, P., Pal, M., Mill, J., Kwan, A., Ioshikhes, I., Vincent, J.B., Kennedy, J.L., Strauss, J., et al. (2011). A multi-tissue analysis identifies HLA complex group 9 gene methylation differences in bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry.
Engmann, O., Hortobagyi, T., Pidsley, R., Troakes, C., Bernstein, H.G., Kreutz, M.R., Mill, J., Nikolic, M., and Giese, K.P. (2011). Schizophrenia is associated with dysregulation of a Cdk5 activator that regulates synaptic protein expression and cognition. Brain 134, 2408-2421.
Dempster, E.L., Pidsley, R., Schalkwyk, L.C., Owens, S., Georgiades, A., Kane, F., Kalidindi, S., Picchioni, M., Kravariti, E., Toulopoulou, T., et al. (2011). Disease-associated epigenetic changes in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Hum Mol Genet 20, 4786-4796.
Campbell, I.C., Mill, J., Uher, R., and Schmidt, U. (2011). Eating disorders, gene-environment interactions and epigenetics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35, 784-793.
Wong, C.C., Caspi, A., Williams, B., Craig, I.W., Houts, R., Ambler, A., Moffitt, T.E., and Mill, J. (2010). A longitudinal study of epigenetic variation in twins. Epigenetics 5, 516-526.
Schalkwyk, L.C., Meaburn, E.L., Smith, R., Dempster, E.L., Jeffries, A.R., Davies, M.N., Plomin, R., and Mill, J. (2010). Allelic skewing of DNA methylation is widespread across the genome. Am J Hum Genet 86, 196-212.
Pidsley, R., Dempster, E.L., and Mill, J. (2010). Brain weight in males is correlated with DNA methylation at IGF2. Mol Psychiatry 15, 880-881.
Meaburn, E.L., Schalkwyk, L.C., and Mill, J. (2010). Allele-specific methylation in the human genome: implications for genetic studies of complex disease. Epigenetics 5, 578-582.
Lundstrom, S., Haworth, C.M., Carlstrom, E., Gillberg, C., Mill, J., Rastam, M., Hultman, C.M., Ronald, A., Anckarsater, H., Plomin, R., et al. (2010). Trajectories leading to autism spectrum disorders are affected by paternal age: findings from two nationally representative twin studies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 51, 850-856.
Docherty, S.J., Davis, O.S., Haworth, C.M., Plomin, R., and Mill, J. (2010). DNA methylation profiling using bisulfite-based epityping of pooled genomic DNA. Methods 52, 255-258.
Xu, X., Mill, J., Sun, B., Chen, C.K., Huang, Y.S., Wu, Y.Y., and Asherson, P. (2009). Association study of promoter polymorphisms at the dopamine transporter gene in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. BMC Psychiatry 9, 3.
Smith, R.G., Kember, R.L., Mill, J., Fernandes, C., Schalkwyk, L.C., Buxbaum, J.D., and Reichenberg, A. (2009). Advancing paternal age is associated with deficits in social and exploratory behaviors in the offspring: a mouse model. PLoS One 4, e8456.
Rutten, B.P., and Mill, J. (2009). Epigenetic mediation of environmental influences in major psychotic disorders. Schizophr Bull 35, 1045-1056.
Reichenberg, A., Mill, J., and MacCabe, J.H. (2009). Epigenetics, genomic mutations and cognitive function. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 14, 377-390.
Mill, J., Wigg, K., Burcescu, I., Vetro, A., Kiss, E., Kapornai, K., Tamas, Z., Baji, I., Gadoros, J., Kennedy, J.L., et al. (2009). Mutation screen and association analysis of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) in childhood-onset mood disorders (COMD). Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 150B, 866-873.
Mill, J., and Petronis, A. (2009). Profiling DNA methylation from small amounts of genomic DNA starting material: efficient sodium bisulfite conversion and subsequent whole-genome amplification. Methods Mol Biol 507, 371-381.
Docherty, S.J., Davis, O.S., Haworth, C.M., Plomin, R., and Mill, J. (2009). Bisulfite-based epityping on pooled genomic DNA provides an accurate estimate of average group DNA methylation. Epigenetics Chromatin 2, 3.
Mill, J., Tang, T., Kaminsky, Z., Khare, T., Yazdanpanah, S., Bouchard, L., Jia, P., Assadzadeh, A., Flanagan, J., Schumacher, A., et al. (2008). Epigenomic profiling reveals DNA-methylation changes associated with major psychosis. Am J Hum Genet 82, 696-711.
Mill, J., and Petronis, A. (2008). Pre- and peri-natal environmental risks for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): the potential role of epigenetic processes in mediating susceptibility. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 49, 1020-1030.
Mill, J., Kiss, E., Baji, I., Kapornai, K., Daroczy, G., Vetro, A., Kennedy, J., Kovacs, M., and Barr, C. (2008). Association study of the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) and childhood-onset mood disorders. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 147B, 1323-1326.
Brookes, K.J., Neale, B., Xu, X., Thapar, A., Gill, M., Langley, K., Hawi, Z., Mill, J., Taylor, E., Franke, B., et al. (2008). Differential dopamine receptor D4 allele association with ADHD dependent of proband season of birth. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 147B, 94-99.
Xu, X., Mill, J., Zhou, K., Brookes, K., Chen, C.K., and Asherson, P. (2007). Family-based association study between brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in UK and Taiwanese samples. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 144B, 83-86.
Mill, J., and Petronis, A. (2007). Molecular studies of major depressive disorder: the epigenetic perspective. Mol Psychiatry 12, 799-814.
Mill, J. (2007). Rodent models: utility for candidate gene studies in human attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Neurosci Methods 166, 294-305.
Mill, J., Yazdanpanah, S., Guckel, E., Ziegler, S., Kaminsky, Z., and Petronis, A. (2006). Whole genome amplification of sodium bisulfite-treated DNA allows the accurate estimate of methylated cytosine density in limited DNA resources. Biotechniques 41, 603-607.
Mill, J., Dempster, E., Caspi, A., Williams, B., Moffitt, T., and Craig, I. (2006). Evidence for monozygotic twin (MZ) discordance in methylation level at two CpG sites in the promoter region of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 141B, 421-425.
Mill, J., Caspi, A., Williams, B.S., Craig, I., Taylor, A., Polo-Tomas, M., Berridge, C.W., Poulton, R., and Moffitt, T.E. (2006). Prediction of heterogeneity in intelligence and adult prognosis by genetic polymorphisms in the dopamine system among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: evidence from 2 birth cohorts. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63, 462-469.
Dempster, E.L., Mill, J., Craig, I.W., and Collier, D.A. (2006). The quantification of COMT mRNA in post mortem cerebellum tissue: diagnosis, genotype, methylation and expression. BMC Med Genet 7, 10.
Brookes, K.J., Mill, J., Guindalini, C., Curran, S., Xu, X., Knight, J., Chen, C.K., Huang, Y.S., Sethna, V., Taylor, E., et al. (2006). A common haplotype of the dopamine transporter gene associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and interacting with maternal use of alcohol during pregnancy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63, 74-81.
Xu, X., Mill, J., Chen, C.K., Brookes, K., Taylor, E., and Asherson, P. (2005). Family-based association study of serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: no evidence for association in UK and Taiwanese samples. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 139B, 11-13.
Xu, X., Knight, J., Brookes, K., Mill, J., Sham, P., Craig, I., Taylor, E., and Asherson, P. (2005). DNA pooling analysis of 21 norepinephrine transporter gene SNPs with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: no evidence for association. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 134B, 115-118.
Mill, J., Xu, X., Ronald, A., Curran, S., Price, T., Knight, J., Craig, I., Sham, P., Plomin, R., and Asherson, P. (2005). Quantitative trait locus analysis of candidate gene alleles associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in five genes: DRD4, DAT1, DRD5, SNAP-25, and 5HT1B. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 133B, 68-73.
Mill, J., Sagvolden, T., and Asherson, P. (2005). Sequence analysis of Drd2, Drd4, and Dat1 in SHR and WKY rat strains. Behav Brain Funct 1, 24.
Mill, J., Asherson, P., Craig, I., and D'Souza, U.M. (2005). Transient expression analysis of allelic variants of a VNTR in the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1). BMC Genet 6, 3.
Mill, J., Richards, S., Knight, J., Curran, S., Taylor, E., and Asherson, P. (2004). Haplotype analysis of SNAP-25 suggests a role in the aetiology of ADHD. Mol Psychiatry 9, 801-810.
Mill, J., Curran, S., Richards, S., Taylor, E., and Asherson, P. (2004). Polymorphisms in the dopamine D5 receptor (DRD5) gene and ADHD. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 125B, 38-42.
Lowe, N., Kirley, A., Hawi, Z., Sham, P., Wickham, H., Kratochvil, C.J., Smith, S.D., Lee, S.Y., Levy, F., Kent, L., et al. (2004). Joint analysis of the DRD5 marker concludes association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder confined to the predominantly inattentive and combined subtypes. Am J Hum Genet 74, 348-356.
D'Souza, U.M., Russ, C., Tahir, E., Mill, J., McGuffin, P., Asherson, P.J., and Craig, I.W. (2004). Functional effects of a tandem duplication polymorphism in the 5'flanking region of the DRD4 gene. Biol Psychiatry 56, 691-697.
Craig, I.W., Mill, J., Craig, G.M., Loat, C., and Schalkwyk, L.C. (2004). Application of microarrays to the analysis of the inactivation status of human X-linked genes expressed in lymphocytes. Eur J Hum Genet 12, 639-646.
Mill, J., Fisher, N., Curran, S., Richards, S., Taylor, E., and Asherson, P. (2003). Polymorphisms in the dopamine D4 receptor gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuroreport 14, 1463-1466.
Freeman, B., Smith, N., Curtis, C., Huckett, L., Mill, J., and Craig, I.W. (2003). DNA from buccal swabs recruited by mail: evaluation of storage effects on long-term stability and suitability for multiplex polymerase chain reaction genotyping. Behav Genet 33, 67-72.
Chen, C.K., Chen, S.L., Mill, J., Huang, Y.S., Lin, S.K., Curran, S., Purcell, S., Sham, P., and Asherson, P. (2003). The dopamine transporter gene is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a Taiwanese sample. Mol Psychiatry 8, 393-396.
Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T.E., Taylor, A., Craig, I.W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., et al. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 301, 386-389.
Mill, J., Caspi, A., McClay, J., Sugden, K., Purcell, S., Asherson, P., Craig, I., McGuffin, P., Braithwaite, A., Poulton, R., et al. (2002). The dopamine D4 receptor and the hyperactivity phenotype: a developmental-epidemiological study. Mol Psychiatry 7, 383-391.
Mill, J., Galsworthy, M.J., Paya-Cano, J.L., Sluyter, F., Schalkwyk, L.C., Plomin, R., and Asherson, P. (2002). Home-cage activity in heterogeneous stock (HS) mice as a model of baseline activity. Genes Brain Behav 1, 166-173.
Mill, J., Curran, S., Kent, L., Gould, A., Huckett, L., Richards, S., Taylor, E., and Asherson, P. (2002). Association study of a SNAP-25 microsatellite and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Med Genet 114, 269-271.
Mill, J., Asherson, P., Browes, C., D'Souza, U., and Craig, I. (2002). Expression of the dopamine transporter gene is regulated by the 3' UTR VNTR: Evidence from brain and lymphocytes using quantitative RT-PCR. Am J Med Genet 114, 975-979.
Holmes, J., Payton, A., Barrett, J., Harrington, R., McGuffin, P., Owen, M., Ollier, W., Worthington, J., Gill, M., Kirley, A., et al. (2002). Association of DRD4 in children with ADHD and comorbid conduct problems. Am J Med Genet 114, 150-153.
Caspi, A., McClay, J., Moffitt, T.E., Mill, J., Martin, J., Craig, I.W., Taylor, A., and Poulton, R. (2002). Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science 297, 851-854.
Mill, J., Curran, S., Kent, L., Richards, S., Gould, A., Virdee, V., Huckett, L., Sharp, J., Batten, C., Fernando, S., et al. (2001). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the dopamine D4 receptor gene: evidence of association but no linkage in a UK sample. Mol Psychiatry 6, 440-444.
Curran, S., Mill, J., Tahir, E., Kent, L., Richards, S., Gould, A., Huckett, L., Sharp, J., Batten, C., Fernando, S., et al. (2001). Association study of a dopamine transporter polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in UK and Turkish samples. Mol Psychiatry 6, 425-428.
Curran, S., Mill, J., Sham, P., Rijsdijk, F., Marusic, K., Taylor, E., and Asherson, P. (2001). QTL association analysis of the DRD4 exon 3 VNTR polymorphism in a population sample of children screened with a parent rating scale for ADHD symptoms. Am J Med Genet 105, 387-393.